Basic Working Principles of a Pneumatic Jackhammer (Air Jack) That Beginners Should Know

When it comes to construction and demolition work, one essential tool is the concrete breaker. These tools come in various types, including electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems. Among them, pneumatic breakers (also known as air jackhammers) are popular for heavy-duty tasks requiring high-impact force. However, for beginners, choosing the right one can be complicated, as each type has different working principles, advantages, and limitations.

This article will help you understand what a pneumatic breaker is, how it works, and what types of jobs it is suitable for. It also provides insights into the pros and cons of pneumatic breakers and safe usage tips, ensuring that beginners can use them correctly and efficiently. Whether you're a novice technician doing your research or a seasoned professional seeking deeper understanding, this guide will help you make an informed decision with confidence.

What is a Pneumatic Breaker?

A pneumatic breaker, or pneumatic concrete breaker, is a tool powered by compressed air from an air compressor. The internal piston is driven by air pressure to deliver repeated hammering force to a chisel tip, enabling the tool to break, chisel, and demolish hard materials like concrete, asphalt, and rock.

By leveraging high-pressure air, the breaker delivers continuous impact force, making it faster and more effective than electric or manual tools for dismantling structures.

Pneumatic breakers are commonly used in construction, road maintenance, and demolition work due to their high-impact power, long operation time, and no reliance on electricity, making them suitable for remote job sites.

Why Use a Pneumatic Breaker for Concrete Demolition?

Concrete demolition requires high-impact force to destroy extremely tough materials. Using inefficient tools like hammers or chisels can be labor-intensive and time-consuming. A pneumatic breaker can destroy concrete faster and with more precision, making it a better choice for heavy-duty jobs compared to traditional tools.

Advantages of Using a Pneumatic Breaker

High Impact Force: Breaks concrete and structures faster than standard tools.

Continuous Operation Without Overheating: No electric motor means it can run longer without needing frequent breaks.

Reduced Manual Labor: Speeds up the job and reduces physical strain.

Works in Areas Without Electricity: Runs on compressed air, ideal for remote sites.

How Does a Pneumatic Breaker Work?

The tool receives compressed air through a high-pressure hose from an air compressor. This air enters the internal cylinder, moving the piston rapidly up and down. Each downward movement causes the chisel head to strike the concrete or material surface, breaking it into smaller pieces.

Its high breaking power comes from a mechanism that minimizes energy loss from heat or motor friction—unlike electric breakers, which may overheat. The compressed air system also ensures consistent impact without overheating concerns.

How Does Air Pressure Affect Performance?

A pneumatic breaker requires high and stable air pressure to maintain consistent impact. The ideal pressure is usually 90–120 PSI, depending on the breaker’s size. If the pressure is too low, performance drops; too high, and it may cause wear or damage.

Besides pressure, the air volume (measured in CFM – Cubic Feet per Minute) is critical. Most breakers require 30–60 CFM for continuous operation. Low airflow may cause frequent pauses in work.

Why Choosing the Right Air Compressor Matters

The air compressor is the main power source for a pneumatic breaker. To ensure effective operation, it must deliver consistent pressure and airflow. Two common compressor types are piston and rotary screw compressors, each with different mechanics and limitations.

Piston Air Compressors

These use a reciprocating piston to compress air, which is stored in a tank before use. Ideal for high-pressure jobs not requiring constant use, and portable, making them good for small-scale concrete repair or renovation work.

Limitations:

Operates in cycles, not continuous

Noisy and vibrates more

Heats up quickly, requiring cooling breaks

Rotary Screw Air Compressors

Use two interlocking screws to compress air continuously, suitable for long-duration, heavy-duty tasks like large road demolition or industrial jobs where multiple air tools run simultaneously.

Limitations:

Higher initial cost

Requires regular maintenance (oil, filters)

Needs well-ventilated installation space

Tips for Beginners Using a Pneumatic Breaker

1. Choose the Right Size for the Job

Small Breakers: For minor repairs or small cracks

Medium Breakers: For thick concrete removal and floor leveling

Large Breakers: For roads or reinforced concrete demolition

2. Use Safety Gear

Due to strong vibrations and loud noise, always wear:

Safety goggles

Anti-vibration gloves

Ear protection

Steel-toed boots

3. Proper Handling & Pressure Control

You don’t need to press hard—just hold the tool steadily and let the air pressure do the work. Excessive force can reduce efficiency and cause fatigue.

4. Learn the Proper Usage Techniques

Always inspect:

Air pressure settings

Hose and connectors

Choose the right chisel head (e.g., pointed for cracks, flat for surfaces)

5. Ensure a Safe Work Environment

Before starting:

Clear the area of hazards

Stay away from electrical wires

Keep people clear of the working zone

Aim the tool away from yourself and others

Summary

A pneumatic breaker is powered by compressed air to deliver high-impact force for breaking concrete and dismantling structures. Its continuous performance and powerful impact make it ideal for construction and maintenance work.

Selecting the right air compressor is crucial:

Use piston compressors for short-term or mobile tasks

Use rotary screw compressors for long-duration or large-scale jobs

For beginners, understanding the tool, using it properly, and ensuring safety will lead to efficient and hazard-free operation.

If you're looking to choose the right pneumatic concrete breaker, you can contact Numsaeng Machinery Co., Ltd.. They offer a variety of air breakers and compressors in multiple sizes to suit your needs, along with free consultation by expert staff—ensuring you get the right tool and full after-sales support.